SPSS统计分析（七）
描述性分析
SPSS Statistical Analysis (7) Descriptive Analysis
SPSS
描述性分析主要用于计算并输出变量的各类描述性统计量的值，频率分析其实也能做到，两者都是以计算数值类型变量的统计量为主。描述性统计分析没有图形功能，也不能生成频率表，但描述性统计分析可以将原始数据标准化为Z分数。
Descriptive analysis is mainly used to calculate and output the values of various descriptive statistics of variables. In fact, frequency analysis can also be used. Both are mainly used to calculate the statistics of numerical variables. Descriptive statistical analysis has no graphics capabilities and cannot generate frequency tables, but descriptive statistical analysis can normalize raw data to Z-scores.
在当前数据文件中添加新变量用于储存相应的Z标准分数，Z标准分数是一个变量值与该变量平均值之差与标准差的比值，标准化处理后，可以保证数据服从标准正态分布。
Add a new variable to the current data file to store the corresponding Z standard score. The Z standard score is the ratio of the difference between the value of a variable and the average value of the variable to the standard deviation. After standardization, the data can be guaranteed to obey the standard normal distribution.
（1） 选择：“分析->描述统计->描述”，打开“描述”对话框，确定要进行描述性分析的变量。
(1) Select: “Analyze -> Descriptive Statistics -> Description”, open the “Description” dialog box, and determine the variables to be descriptive analysis.
（2）“选项”选择：用于确定要输出的统计量。
(2) “Option” selection: used to determine the statistics to be output.
（3）运行结果及分析
(3) Operation results and analysis
运行结果如上图所示，该结果包含变量值的个数、极值、均值、标准差、偏度和峰度信息。输出统计量中，方差和标准差越小越好，越小说明该组数据越趋于稳定。
The running result is shown in the figure above, which includes the number, extreme value, mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis information of the variable values. In the output statistics, the smaller the variance and standard deviation, the better. The smaller the value, the more stable the group of data is.
参考资料：百度百科，《SPSS 23统计分析实用教程》
翻译：谷歌翻译
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